Wireless telegraphy.



. F. G. SARGENT. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

APPLIQATION FILED Nov. 9, 1905.

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P. G. SARGENT. WIRELESS TELEGRAPH-Y. APPLICATION TILBD Nov. 9, 190.5.

Patented May 3, 1910.

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INvENToR FREDERICK' G'r. SARGENLT, OF GRANITEVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 3, 191,0.

.Application filed November 9, 1905. Serial No. 286,45.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK Gr. SAR- onNr, a citizen of the United States7 residing at Graniteville, in the county of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Vireless Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification7 reference being had therein to the accompanyin drawings.

Figure l is a iagram of a receiving station containing embodiments of the features of the invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional View of the coherer of Fig. 1, and its supports. Fig. 3 v'shows in side elevation a Inodiied coherer and means of effecting de-coherence. Fig. 4 shows in side elevation a further modication. Fig. 5 is a plan View of certain parts shown in Fi 4. Fig. 6 is a diagram of port-ion of a m0 iied receiving station.

In the diagram Fig. l) of a receiving station, h is the aeria c' a post with which the aerial is connected, 7c va wire leading from post i to the coherer, the latter being indicated at m. At n is indicated a wire leading from the coherer to a post o, and at p a ground wire which `is connected with the said post 0. At g is a wireleading from the post- Y z' to the battery r and thence to the relay s,

and at t, t', are Wires extending from the relay to post o. At u is the line of the relay circuit, at u a battery in such line, at fv the coil or magnet of a receiving or signaling instrument, at c a vibrator constituting or carrying the armature of the said coil or electro-magnet and pivotally mounted at o2 upon post o3, at o* a spring acting u on the said vibrator in opposition to the sai coil or electro-magnet, and at v5 a fixed contactscreW with Whichthe said vibrator engages under the action of the 'spring vt.

Decoherence is effected by communicating a turning or rotary lmotion to the coherer or one or more of its parts. Having reference to Figs. 1 and 2, which show a convenient form of coherer adapted to the purposes of the invention, m" in such figures is a sleeve or collar of vulcanite `or other non-conducting material forming the body ot the coherer, and m2, ma, are rods oi conducting material 4which extend y'part-way within the opposite ends of they said sleeve or collar. At m, Fig. 2, is represented cohering material which is containedfwithin the interior space ofthe -sleeve or collar between the inner ends of thesaid rods. The outer pox'- tions of the rods project from the opposite ends of the lcody of the coherer, as shown in Fig. 2, and are entered into sockets or bearings with which fixed supporting standards m5, m5, are formed. Thereby the coherer is mounted upon the said ixed standards in the arrangement of coherer which is represented in Figs. l and 2. At m, m7, are shown clamping-screws, the threaded stems of which [it screw-threaded holes which are tapped through the shell of the body of the coherer near the opposite ends of the latter, and which are adapted to engage by their inner ends with the portions of the rods m2, m3, that extend Within the said body. Other clamping-'screws m8, m9, have the threaded stems thereof fitted Within screwthreaded holes which are tapped in the standards m5, 'm5, and are adapted to engage by their inner ends with the portions of the rods m2, Ima, which enter the sockets or bearings of the said standards.' A wheel m1 is fixed upon the body of the coherer. To the said wheel is applied the power by which the turning or rotary movement is occasioned. XVith the construction of coherer shown in Figs.V l and 2 decoherence may be provided for in several diierent ways. According to the first method, the clamping-screw m. is tightened against the rod m3 to hold such rod from turning, and the clamping-screw fm. is tightened against rod m2 to secure the latter rod and the body of the coherer together so that they shall turn in unison, the clampingscreWs m7 and m5 being partly Withdrawn so as to disengage them from the rods m2, m3, leaving the rod m2 free to turn in the socket or bearing therefor in the corresponding standard m, and leaving the body ot the coherer tree to turn Iupon the rod ma. When, now,- the wheel mm is turned, the body 1m lof the coherer, and the rod m2, will turn therewith, while rod fm? will remain' stationary. rlhe turning motion of the body of the coherer, combined with the relative movement-ot the said body and the rod m2 with respect to the rod m3, will operate to break up the coherence ot the material m4. According to lthe second method of providing for effecting decoherence, the two clamping-screws m6, ml, may both be partially withdrawn so to disengage them from the two rods m3, and the clamping-screws ms, m9,'set tightfty aga-inst the said rods so as to hold the latter from turning. Turning movement communicated to the Wheel m10 and the body of the coherer relative to the two rods will cause the particles of' 'the cohering material to separate from one another. According to a third method, both clamping-screws m8, m9, may be partially withdrawn so as to leave the two rods m2, ma, free to turn in their sockets or bearings in the fixed standards m5, m5, and the clamping-screws m6, m7, may be tightened against the rods so as to cause the latter to turn in unison with the body of the coherer. The turning movement will operate to break up the coherence. The saine result may be attained within the spirit of the invention by communicating a turning movement tol either or both of. the rods m2, m3,.

In Fig. l rotating or turning movement is transmitted to the coherer by forming the wheel m10 as a band-pulley having a grooved periphery, and by employing a driving-band m11 which Ipasses around. the said periphery and around lthe similar periphery of a driver band-pulley m12, which last is connected with and operated by a motor m13. By properly adjusting or co-ordinating the speed of the said motor and driver bandpulley m12, these latter and the coherer may be turned or rotated continuously with good results, if desired, coherence continuing so long as the Hertz waves are acting, and being broken when they cease to act. A motorcircuit is indicated at m, m15, and m1, a battery in the said circuit being indicated at mi", and m being a switch in such circuit by means of which the operation of th motor may be controlled manually. At m40 is a resistance connecting wires m14 and m16 between the motor and the battery m17 and switch. When the movable contact-arm m19 of the said switch rests against the fixed contact m20 with which the wire m15 is joined the motor is rotated continuously, as aforesaid. In Fig. l the movable contact-arm m19 of the switch is shown removed from the fixed contact m20 and resting against an opposite contact-point from which a Wire m21 extends to a contact-spring vm22 which is suitably insulated, as at m23, from its' support. The vibrator o of the receiving or signaling instrument carries a contact-screw m24 for engagement with the contact-spring m22, and when the said vibrator is moved in consequence of the action of the coil 'v of the said instrument the said contact-screw m24 is carried against the said contact-spring. The pivot e2 of the vibrator fu is in electrical communication with the battery m17 of the motor-circuit, as by means 'of wire m25. Consequently, in the position oi the switcharm m19 which is represented in Fig. l, movement of the vibrator o toward the pole-piece of the coil c placing contactscrew m24 in engagement with contact-spring m22 closes the motor-circuit, and the motor is caused to turn and to communicate movement to the coherei'.

Fig. 3 shows an arrangement by which for the purpose of occasioning decoherence, movement first in one direction and then in the reverse direction may be imparted to the coherer, or one or more of the parts thereof, instead of movement always in the same direction.4 In Fig. 3, m?" is an arm which is employed in lieu of the wheel m10 of Figs. 1 anc 2, m27 being a connecting-rod having one end thereof pivotally connected to the said arm, and m28 being a crank which is connected with and operated by a motor m13, the said crank having the other end of the said connecting-rod joined thereto.I Then the motor is caused to act, either continuously or' intermittingly as explained above, the coherer is operated to occasion decoherence. Figs. 4 and 5 represent a construction in which the coherer is bodily moved to-andfro, and is caused to roll first in one direction and then in t-he other b the contact ot' a cylindrical portion tliereo with a stationary surface upon Which such cylindrical portion travels during the said to-and-fro movement In such figures, m30 is the stationary surface, and m31 is the cylindrical body of the coherer, suoli body resting upon suoli surface.A The portions of the rods of the coherer which project beyond the ends of the said body are journaled in the arms m32 m33 of a connection mf5 which is operatively connected with `the rotating crank m3 of the motor, the said arms being suitably insulated from each other, as at m3, Fig. 5.

In Fig. 5,' the rod m3 of the coherer is screw-threaded a-nd'provided with a knurled head for convenience in turning the saine to screw it into or out of the body ofthe coherer in varying t-he distance between the inner ends of the rods m2, m3.

I find that improved results are attained in coherence by breaking the local circuit between the relay and the coherer so as to compel all of the Hertz waves to pass through the coherer, whereas when the local circuit is not thus broken such waves in part go around the local circuit through the relay, thereby losing a considerable share of their effect. A method 'of effecting such break is shown in Fig. l, in which the wire t extending from the relay is connected with a fixed contact-piece t2. The wire t connecting with post 0 is in electrical communication with a contact-piece t3 that is movable stiiiy about `a pivotal support at and adapted to engage with fixed contact-piece 25;. A portion of the vibrator ci enters betweenl an arm or finger t5 of the movable contact-piece t3 and a block of insulating material t which is attached to the latter. 'Vhen the vibrator e is drawn down by the actioiro't the coil or electroinagnet Yv, the said portion thereof acts against the arm or finger t5 and its normal position,

operates to move the movable contact-piece t3 out. of contact with the fixed contactfpiece t. This breaks'the circuit between wires t and t', and consequently the direct connection. by

'way of suoli wires between the relay and the coherer. -The relay, however, is connected 'by wires with pivot o2 of the vibrator o. Consequently, so long as the vibrator is in contact with thearin or fin er t5 the current continues topass by way o the vibratorL and Athe wire s between the wire t and the reta-rded by means of a dog or pawl t7 which is hung trom the vibrator and varrangedtoy engage, in the depressed. position of the latter, with 'a tooth of a ratchet-wheel tthat is fastY with aspurggear '9 meshing Awith Aa spur-pinion f1 having connected therewith a rotary fan t. Thedelay in the rising movement-of the vibrator which is due t0 theretarding eilect ot' the said fan gives time for other Hertz waves to act upon aerial h. and ground wire pwhile the circuit is broken between the relay and the'coherer. It' coherence in coherer m 4is' produced through the action of suoli waves, a current through theielay will occur on the closing of the circuitI between the movable contactpiece -t3 and the ixed contact-piece t2; if no coherence has occurred, there will be no'current through the relay.

Fig. 6 shows an arrangement by means of' which the connection between the relay and colieier is broken temporarily, and by which, in addition, the connections of the aerial o and ground wire p with the coheier are shortened temporarily so as to obviate tendency of the relay and sounder, when at work, to produce coherence. I have found that when thel relayand sounder are at work they are apt to produce coherence in the coherer when the aerial and ground wire are connected, but if the wires in connection with the cohei'er are made shorter there will be no coherence produced. In Fig. 6 the relay is indicated at s2, and the battery of the local circuit indicated at. r, the. coherer be ing Arepresented at m, and its rods being marked m42 and m, respectively. The aerial 0 is connected with the pivot of a. movable contact-linger or arm 0, which .latter rests normally against a fixed contact-piece 1] from which a. Wire ([2 leads to the rod m42 of the coherer. The ground wire 7a is connected with a ixed contact-piece t7 againsty which rests normally a movable contact-finger or arm t8, from the pivot ofv whichv leads a wire t connecting with the rod m of the colierer end also with the relay; The wire im foriniiig part of tlie-local circuit leads from battery 1"- to the pivot of a4 vpendulum -zf' or equivalent vibrator carrying three projections rv, 'wL and w3. The projections Qc and wt strike against the movable contact-fingers or arms o', t8, in the swinging movement of the pendulum, so as to press the said contactingers or arms away from the fixed contactpieces g t7.- Tlie projection 1 /i3 of the pendulum lmakes contact with a movable coiitact-finger or arin, from the pivot of which a wire m leads to the wire Q2. In operation. the pendulum or vibrator w is set to vibrate at the required speed. lVhile the projections w', fw?, 'w3 of the said pendulumy or vibratoivare out of contact with the ingersor arms o, t8., and the aerial o and ground wire p are in circuit. with the colierer.. T-he local circuit is broken, however, at the pendulum or vibrator. AI Vlieinnow, the swinging of the pendulum or vibiator carries the projections Ll/,.402 and w3, against the movable contactfingers or arms, the circuit is broken between aerial and ground, res iectively, vand the coherer, the local circuit being at the saine time volosedby the contact of the projection w3 with the contact-finger or arm ai, and the branch circuit wg2, embracing thecoherer also being closed through contact of projection w3 vwith contact-finger or arm ai. Should there have been coherence occasioned in the coheier through the action of Hertz waves, a current through the relay will now be produced; if there has been no coherence occasioned, there willbe no current through the relay. The projections 'w and L02 strike the contact-fingers or arms o', ts, before the projection lw3 strikes the contact-finger or arm ai, and conversely the projection w leaves the contact-finger or aiin w before the projections vu, 102, leave the contact-fingers or arms 0 t. Therefore, the action of the relay 'is caused to take place after the aerial '0 and ground wire p have been disconnected from the coherer, and such action is caused to terminate before the aerial and .ground wire are again placedr in cii'cuitwith the coherer. As the projection w3 moves away from the contactdinger or arm m, the circuit between the relay and battery and the coherer is opened. It is during the time of the open circuit that the Hertz waves are permitted to act to occasion coherence in the colicrer. During such open circuit allthe waves which impinge on aerial 0 and gund wire y) pass over the same and through the coherer m41.

Vhat is claimed is z# 1. In a wireless telegraph system the coinbination with a coherer in which loose con.- ininuted cohering material is employed, an i a receiving instrument, .of a rotary moto which by movement of rotation of constant rotation of the motor is direction imparted to the coherer effects decolierence, and circuit-connections by which occasioned when the Hertz waves act. 1 f

2. In a wireless telegraph system, in combination, the receiving instrument, the coherer containing loose comminuted cohering l nected with the lrect connect-ion between re compel all the Hertz waves to pass through coherer, and-establish an indirect connection therebetween, i

4. Receiving apparatus of a wireless teleaph system provided with a circuit-breaker or the local circuit, connected with the vibrator of the receivin instrument to open the direct connection through coherer, and establish indirect connection therebetween by means of the said vibrator.

,5. Receiving apparatus of a wireless teleph `system provided with a circuit-breaker or the vlocal circuit, connected with 'the vibrator of the receiving instrument to. open `the circuit torelay to compel all the Hertz waves to pass through coherer, and means to lretard the subsequent closing of the said cir-` ay and coherer to.

etween coherer and. relay to compel all the Hertz waves to pass cuitto give time to receive the action of the said waves.

6. Receiving apparatus of a wireless telegraph system provided with a circuit-breaker for the local circuit operated by the vibrator -of the receiving instrument to open the circuit to relay to compel all the Hertz .waves to pass through coherer, and means combined with thesaid vibrator to retard the return stroke thereof.

7.l In-a wireless telegraph system, in combination, the receiving instrument, the coherer, a motor operatively connected with the coherer to occasion decoherence, and a motor-circuit which is closed bythe action of the said instrument in receiving.

8. Ina'coherer, in combination,'a rotatable chambered'member, opposite rods entering the chamber, coherin material between the proximate ends of t e said rods, and means whereby the respective rods may be held from rotation or engagedwith the said member to rotate therewith.

9. In a coherer, a. rotatable chambered member, opposite rods cnterin the chamber, cohering material lbetween lie proximate ends of such rods, supports for the rods, and means `to hold the rods from rotation relative to such support-s. A y

In testimony whereof I aflix mysignature in presence of two witnesses.

FimnrnncKl G. iSARGENT.

' Witnesses ARTHUR E. DAY, W. F; SARGENT. 

